Mouthwashes reach only 1.5mm below the gum line, limiting their efficacy for the treatment of Periodontitis (a serious gum infection that affects gums and bone supporting teeth).  Attempts to self-treat gum issues with a chlorhexidine mouthwash are not recommended.  The underlying cause needs to be addressed.  Seek professional help if you have persistent bad breath, bleeding or receding gums. 

Chlorhexidine gluconate mouthwashes can result in staining (Chlorhexidine staining) if used over a long period of time, but their use is still valuable in reducing Gingivitis as it is effective against a wide spectrum of bacteria for an extended period. 

Why does Chlorhexidine mouthrinse sometimes cause stains?  It binds to enamel allowing it to interact with dietary chromogens resulting in pigmented compounds on teeth.  These stains can be removed with a professional cleaning. 

What can I do to reduce staining during the use of a Chlorhexidine rinse? 

• Brush and floss regularly
• Use a whitening toothpaste
• Avoid staining foods and drinks 

Some chlorhexidine rinses are formulated to minimize staining 

“A recent longitudinal study found that twice-daily use of over-the-counter mouthwash was associated with increased risk of developing pre-diabetes or diabetes in overweight and obese individuals aged 40-65.  It’s been proposed that mouthwash has antibacterial effects in the oral cavity, yet oral bacteria play an important role in the salivary nitrate/ nitrite/ nitric oxide pathway, and reduced levels of nitric oxide are associated with insulin resistance as well as adverse cardiovascular effects such as hypertension and impaired vascular function.” 

Best advice:  Use mouthwashes on recommendation of your dental professional only and as directed.